{"id":9146,"date":"2020-02-06T08:21:15","date_gmt":"2020-02-06T14:21:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ionicalliance.com\/?p=9146"},"modified":"2021-07-13T17:40:44","modified_gmt":"2021-07-13T22:40:44","slug":"oxidative-stress-the-beginning-of-disease","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ionicalliance.com\/oxidative-stress-the-beginning-of-disease\/","title":{"rendered":"Oxidative Stress The Beginning of Disease"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In all living organisms, including humans, takes place a delicate equilibrium between the production and the elimination \u2013 by antioxidant defense system \u2013 of the so-called \u201cfree radicals\u201d. The breaking of this balance, frequently named \u201coxidative stress\u201d, may induce cellular damage with differencing degrees of severity, leading ultimately, over time, to early aging and to many diseases.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ionicalliance.com\/research\/\" data-schema-attribute=\"\">Oxidative stress<\/a> is a pathological condition triggered by the damaging action on the cells and tissues of the body, caused by abnormally increased amounts of free radicals. Free radicals are single or grouped atoms having at least one external orbital \u201coccupied\u201d by one single electron \u201cunpaired\u201d instead of a couple of electrons \u201clone pair\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The body, even in normal conditions, produces a defined amount of free radicals, due to the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">physiological cell metabolism. Additionally, the following items are additional free-radical sources that contribute to oxidative stress:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Etiology - Examples<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Environment factors - Radiations - Pollution<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Physiological status - Physical Stress - Pregnancy&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Life-style - Bad food, alcohol, cigarette smoke, inadequate exercise<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Psychological factors&nbsp; - Emotional stress&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Diseases&nbsp; - Trauma, inflammation, infection, vascular diseases, cancer<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Iatrogenic factors - Drugs, radio-therapy, radiological exams<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In a healthy condition, the body is able to prevent free radicals because of the natural defense system of antioxidants, which by the name indicates the ability of these agents to counteract the oxidant action of free radicals.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Over time a build-up of free radicals is potentially dangerous because they have a spontaneous tendency to fill their unfilled external orbital with a second electron. This then creates a very powerful hydroxyl radical (HO-), one of the most dangerous reactive oxygen species (ROS). Hydroxyl radicals can \u201cattack\u201d every kind of molecule (including carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, peptides, proteins, nucleotides, nucleic acids, and so on). As a consequence of this action, every molecule loses an electron and becomes, in turn, a radical.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Oxidative Stress on the Biological System<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oxidative_stress\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9087\" src=\"http:\/\/ionicalliance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/oxidative-stress_diseases.jpg\" alt=\"Oxidative Stress\" width=\"600\" height=\"456\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ionicalliance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/oxidative-stress_diseases.jpg 757w, https:\/\/ionicalliance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/oxidative-stress_diseases-300x228.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oxidative_stress\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oxidative stress<\/a>, being a merely biochemical condition, generally doesn\u2019t exhibit any specific clinical symptoms nor clinical signs. Therefore it will remain unknown, with unavoidable damage to the patient, until the clinician suspects its existence and decides to perform on the patient-specific biochemical tests.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some of the most common diseases that are associated with a condition of oxidative stress:<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 2321px;\" width=\"639\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1.Aceruloplasminemia<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2. Acute and chronic alcoholic liver diseases<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3. Acute autoimmune myocarditis<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4. Acute chest syndrome of sickle cell disease<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">5. Acute pancreatitis<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">6. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">7. Alcoholic liver disease<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">8. Alzheimer\u2019s disease<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">9. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">10. Arterial\/systemic hypertension<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">11. Asbestosis<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">12. Asthma<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">13. Ataxia telangiectasia<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">14. Atherosclerosis<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">15. Atopic dermatitis<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">16. Brain ischemia<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">17. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">18. Burns<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">19. Cancer (several kinds)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">20. Cardiopulmonary bypass<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">21. Cardiovascular diseases<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">22. Cataract<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">23. Cellulitis<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">24. Chemotherapy side-effect<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">25. Chronic fatigue syndrome<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">26. Chronic hepatitis C<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">27. Chronic kidney disease<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">28. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">29. Chronic renal failure<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">30. Colitis<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">31. Coronary artery disease<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">32. Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">33. Crohn disease<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">34. Cutaneous leishmaniasis<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">35. Cystic fibrosis<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">36. Diabetes mellitus type 1<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">37. Diabetes mellitus type 2<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">38. Dislipidemia<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">39. Down\u2019s syndrome<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">40. Eclampsia<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">41. End-stage renal disease<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">42. Erectile dysfunction<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">43. Friedreich ataxia<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">44. Heart failure<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">45. Helicobacter pylori infection\/<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">inflammation<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">46. Hemodialysis<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">47. Hepatic cirrhosis<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">48. Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">49. Huntington disease<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">50. Hyperbaric diseases<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">51. Hypercholesterolemia<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">52. Hyperhomocysteinemia<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">53. Hyperlipidemia<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">54. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">55. Interstitial lung disease<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">56. Ischemia\/Reperfusion injury<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">57. Juvenile chronic arthritis<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">58. Kidney transplantation<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">59. Leukaemia<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">60. Lung cancer<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">61. Lung injury<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">62. Macular degeneration<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">63. Male infertility<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">64. M\u00e9ni\u00e8re\u2019s syndrome<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">65. Meningitis<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">66. Mild cognitive impairment<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">67. Multiple sclerosis<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">68. Myelodisplastic syndromes<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">69. Myocardial infarction<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">70. Myocarditis<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">71. Neonatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">72. Obesity<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">73. Osteoarthritis<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">74. Osteoporosis<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">75. Pancreatitis<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">76. Parkinsonisms<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">77. Parkinson\u2019s disease<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">78. Periodontal disease<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">79. Peritoneal dialysis<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">80. Photoageing<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">81. Preeclampsia<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">82. Primary biliary cirrhosis<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">83. Professional bronchopulmonary diseases<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">84. Progeria<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">85. Psoriasis<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">86. Psoriatic arthritis<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">87. Pulmonary hypertension<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">88. Radiotherapy side effects<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">89. Reactive arthritis<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">90. Renal cell carcinoma<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">91. Respiratory distress syndrome<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">92. Retinopathy of prematurity<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">93. Retrolenticolar fibroplasy*<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">94. Rheumatic disease<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">95. Rheumatoid arthritis<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">96. Sarcoidosis<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">97. Sepsis<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">98. Sickle cell disease<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">99. Sleep apnea<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">100. Spherocytosis<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">101. Spinal cord injury<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">102. Stroke<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">103. Synucleinopathies<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">104. Systemic amyloidosis<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">105. Systemic lupus erythematosus<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">106. Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">107. Thrombophilia<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">108. Tauopathies<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">109. Tuberculosis<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">110. Unstable angina<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">111. Uremia<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">112. Venous insufficiency<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">113. Werner syndrome<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">114. Zellweger syndrome<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Oxidative stress is not a \u201cdisease\u201d, according to the traditional sense of this word. Indeed, oxidative stress is the unwanted effect of the breakdown of a biochemical equilibrium. Therefore it can impact, often deceitfully, upon the onset and\/or the course of several basic diseases. Oxidative stress, as it is not a classical disease, does not exhibit a specific clinical picture, but it hides behind the symptoms and the signs of the basic disease.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Before suggesting any supplementation, every clinician should try to identify and remove <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the possible cause responsible for the increased production of free radicals. The wide variety of oxidants responsible for oxidative stress and their ubiquitous distribution into the body implies the necessity to have a formula with a wide and complete spectrum of actions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The complexity of redox networks and redox regulation is being revealed step by step, yet much still needs to be learned. Detailed knowledge of the molecular patterns generated from the principles of the redox code under defined physiological or pathological conditions in cells and organs will contribute to understanding the redox component in health and disease. Ultimately, there is a scientific basis for modern redox medicine through the prevention of disease in the form of a Redox Generator to reduce oxidative stress.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In all living organisms, including humans, takes place a delicate equilibrium between the production and the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":9088,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21,19,32],"tags":[51,48,50,49],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ionicalliance.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9146"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ionicalliance.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ionicalliance.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ionicalliance.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ionicalliance.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9146"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ionicalliance.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9146\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ionicalliance.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9088"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ionicalliance.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9146"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ionicalliance.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9146"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ionicalliance.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9146"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}